Django

Django is a framework for developing web applications based on the Python language, featuring a robust architecture based on the MTV (Model-Template-View) pattern, which is an adaptation of the MVC (Model-View-Controller) model. In Django, “Model” refers to the data abstraction layer that manages the structure and behavior of data. “Template” is responsible for data presentation, enabling the creation of responsive HTML pages, while “View” handles the application logic, deciding what to display to the user in response to specific queries.

The framework offers an automatic administrative backend panel that allows for managing application content without the need to write additional code to interact with the database. This is particularly useful in rapid prototyping and data management.

ORM (Object-Relational Mapping) in Django is one of the key components, allowing developers to interact with databases through Python classes instead of raw SQL queries. Django supports various database systems such as PostgreSQL, MySQL, SQLite, and Oracle, making it a versatile tool for developing applications of varying scales.

Django is also known for its focus on application security. It provides protection against many common threats by default, such as Cross-site Scripting (XSS), Cross-site Request Forgery (CSRF), and SQL Injection. For example, its template system automatically escapes all variables to protect against XSS attacks, and CSRF mechanisms are built-in and active by default.

The framework features an extensive middleware system that allows for the processing of HTTP requests through a series of hooks before and after a view is called. Middleware can be used to implement functions such as sessions, user authentication, permission handling, or generating custom HTTP responses.

Django is modular and extensible, allowing developers to add “app” plugins to a project that extend its functionality without disrupting the core application. The framework also has an active community that continually develops new add-on packages, making it easy to find even more ready-made solutions.